Marie Louise (1791-1847) was the second wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and the daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. She married Napoleon in 1810 after his divorce from Josephine. Napoleon and Marie Louise had a son in 1811 who became known as Napoleon II.
Marie Louise was not permitted to go with Napoleon when he was exiled. She and her son lived at Schonbrunn, near Vienna, Austria. She received the Italian duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla in 1816 and governed them until her death on Dec. 17, 1847. Marie Louise was married twice after the death of Napoleon. She was born in Vienna on Dec. 12, 1791.
