National forest is an area set aside by the United States Congress to be protected and managed by the federal government. The Forest Service, a part of the Department of Agriculture, manages 155 national forests in the United States and Puerto Rico. The forests and grasslands managed by the Forest Service cover an area of about 193 million acres (78 million hectares), which is larger than the states of California and Nevada combined. Many of the forests are named for Indian tribes or for famous people in American history.
Uses.
Originally, the national forests served primarily as a source of timber and water. Today, the Forest Service manages these areas, along with the country’s national grasslands, to maintain a continuous supply of a wide variety of resources. These resources include wood, water, and such minerals as lead and uranium; grazing land for cattle and sheep; and recreational areas. The lands also serve as a home for much of the nation’s wildlife.
Managing the national forests is difficult because of their many competing uses. Through public involvement, partnerships linking the Forest Service with environmental and industry groups, and volunteer programs, citizens can participate in caring for and managing these areas.
Administration.
A forest supervisor administers each national forest. The forests are divided into ranger districts, each headed by a district ranger. A ranger’s first duty is to manage all forest uses and services. These include production of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and resources for outdoor recreation. The ranger is also responsible for protecting the forests from such threats as harmful insects and disease.
United States national forests are grouped into nine regions. Regional foresters head each region. They direct the work of the forest supervisors in their regions. The regional foresters, in turn, report to the chief of the Forest Service in Washington, D.C.
History.
Early settlers in the United States adopted the first conservation laws. Nevertheless, destruction of forests became widespread during the settlement of the United States. In 1891, Congress established the first national forest-conservation policy. In that year, Congress authorized the president to set aside areas known as forest reserves. The first one was established in Wyoming. In 1907, the name was changed to national forests.
