Panic disorder is a mental disorder marked by recurring, unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks involve a sudden rush of at least four of these symptoms: intense fear, racing heartbeat, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, a choking sensation, chest pain, abdominal distress, lightheadedness, feelings of detachment, numbness or tingling, chills or hot flushes. People naturally panic when facing a threat. This response can be helpful when the danger is real and requires fighting or fleeing. In panic disorder, however, panic occurs unexpectedly and without apparent cause or threat.
Panic attacks may last seconds to several minutes. They may occur often or infrequently. People with panic disorder often worry about subsequent attacks. They may worry that such attacks will lead to a permanent loss of control or even death, despite knowing that the attacks do not lead to these consequences. As a result of recurring unexpected panic, people with panic disorder often develop agoraphobia. Agoraphobia involves fear and avoidance of situations and circumstances that might provoke panic, or where escape or help may not be readily available should unexpected panic occur.
To diagnose panic disorder, physicians must first determine that another medical condition or the effect of a drug is not causing the panic attacks. Physicians may prescribe medications to treat panic disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy is also an effective treatment. In such therapy, people learn to challenge their fears and overcome their avoidance.
