Saint Bernard is a large, intelligent dog famous for rescuing lost travelers. The dog was developed during the 1600’s by a group of monks in the Alps of Switzerland. The monks lived in the monastery of St. Bernard. At that time, many people traveled in the Alps on foot. Some lost their way. Others became buried in sudden snowdrifts or snowstorms. The St. Bernard was trained to rescue such people. With its keen sense of smell, the dog could find people who were buried in the snow. After it had found the lost traveler, it called for help by barking. The dogs were also trained to guide travelers over treacherous trails, giving warning of dangerous footing. An English artist, Sir Edwin Landseer, painted a popular picture of the dog with a small cask hanging from a collar around its neck. But authorities say the St. Bernard never carried casks on rescue missions.
The St. Bernard is valued as a watchdog. It is also a good pet and guide for explorers. It is strong and tall. The dog measures about 26 to 30 inches (66 to 76 centimeters) high at the shoulder. It may weigh from 140 to 200 pounds (64 to 90 kilograms). The St. Bernard is one of the heaviest dogs. The dog has a white and red or white and brownish-yellow coat. It may also have some black markings on its head. Its hair may be either long or short. The St. Bernard has a large, square head and a short muzzle. It also has a short neck.
