Sanger, Frederick (1918-2013), a British biochemist, won the 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prizes in chemistry. He became the second person to receive two Nobel Prizes in the same field. The first was John Bardeen, who earned two Nobel Prizes in physics.
Sanger received the 1958 chemistry prize for developing a method of studying the structure of proteins. His research centered on the structure of insulin, the protein hormone that helps the body use sugar. Sanger shared the 1980 prize with Americans Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert. The three were honored for their studies concerning the biochemistry of nucleic acids. Sanger was cited for developing a method of determining the chemical structure of large pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the substance that makes up genes.
Sanger was born on Aug. 13, 1918, in Gloucestershire, England. He did his research at Cambridge University. Sanger died on Nov. 19, 2013.
