Vaginitis, << `vaj` uh NY tihs, >> is an inflammation of the vagina. Vaginitis is characterized by itching or burning, an abnormal vaginal discharge and, often, an unusual odor. The inflammation also may affect parts of the vulva, the female external reproductive organs. Vaginitis occurs most frequently during the childbearing years of women.
Most cases of vaginitis result from infection by certain bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. The infectious organisms produce waste material that irritates the vagina and vulva, causing swelling and itching. One of the most common of the various bacteria that cause vaginitis is Gardnerella vaginalis. These bacteria cause the whitish, filmy fluid normally present in the vagina to thicken and turn gray or yellow. A fungus called Candida, also known as Monilia, turns the vaginal fluid thick and white. A protozoan called Trichomonas causes it to turn yellow-green or gray and become thin and foamy.
The infectious bacteria, fungi, and protozoans may be present in the vagina without causing vaginitis. They are normally kept in balance so that none exists in harmful quantities. Vaginitis occurs when the balance is upset, allowing one or more of the organisms to reproduce in great numbers. The balance can be disturbed by many factors, including pregnancy, poor health or diet, or the use of certain drugs. A frequent cause of vaginitis is sexual contact. Cuts, scrapes, or irritation from laundry detergents or perfumed soaps or powders can increase the likelihood of vaginal infection.
A physician treats vaginitis by first examining the vaginal fluid to determine which organism is causing the infection. Certain antifungal drugs, antibiotics, and other medicines are used to cure vaginitis. The infections discussed in this article have no permanent effect on a woman’s ability to bear children.
