Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with more than 100 types, including more than 30 which cause the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Some infections produce genital warts or no symptoms. Other strains are associated with cervical cancer, an uncontrolled division of cells in the lower part of a woman’s uterus (womb). Medical experts believe that HPV causes nearly all cases of cervical cancer.
Physicians diagnose an HPV infection by its symptoms, through a Pap test, or through a HPV test that uses molecular technology to detect the virus. The infection is not curable, but sometimes the body may clear the virus without treatment. Physicians may treat the symptoms and administer medications that stimulate the immune system to destroy the virus.
HPV spreads through touch, and for genital infection, through sexual activity. Avoiding sexual activity is the most effective way of avoiding genital infection. Condoms can only partially protect against HPV. In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a vaccine that is highly effective against HPV and can prevent cervical cancer caused by the virus. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends HPV vaccination for all girls and boys ages 11 or 12, before the onset of sexual activity.
See also Frazer, Ian Hector; Sexually transmitted disease.
