Phthalates, << THAL ayts, >> are a kind of artificially produced chemical, used in the manufacture of some plastics, that may be linked to health problems in people. Manufacturers use phthalates in a wide variety of consumer products, including plastic toys, packaging, and building materials. Phthalates are also used to make detergents and lubricating oils. There are more than 20 commonly used varieties of phthalates. They are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some phthalates are potentially hazardous to human health, leading a number of countries to restrict their use.
Phthalates are used in the manufacture of a common type of plastic called polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as plasticizers—that is, substances that make the plastic softer and more flexible. PVC’s manufactured with phthalates are used in such items as rainwear and shower curtains. Manufacturers also use phthalates as solvents—that is, substances that dissolve other substances.
Researchers have found that large amounts of phthalates can harm the bodies of animals in several ways. Studies with rodents have shown that phthalates can cause liver damage and abnormalities in male reproductive tracts. However, the amount of phthalates human beings are normally exposed to is far less than the amount of the chemicals used in the studies. In people, phthalates may be linked with higher incidences of obesity. The European Union has banned the use of several kinds of phthalates in children’s toys. In 2009, a similar law took effect in the United States, limiting children’s exposure to phthalates.
