Halal is an Arabic word that means permitted or lawful. The word halal is often associated with food and drink considered proper for Muslims. In this sense, it is used in much the same way that kosher is used concerning Jewish dietary restrictions. Muslims are forbidden from eating four main kinds of food: (1) pork and pork by-products, (2) animals that were already dead before they were slaughtered, (3) blood and blood by-products, and (4) food that is ritually offered to beings other than God. In addition, Muslims are forbidden from consuming alcohol and other intoxicants.
For meat to be halal, the butcher must invoke the name of God and cut the animal’s throat quickly with a sharp knife. The meat must be drained of all blood before it is consumed. Fish with scales are usually considered to be halal, but the halal status of other types of seafood varies within the Muslim community.
Halal food is widespread in places with majority Muslim populations. But halal food can be difficult to find elsewhere. In countries with smaller populations of Muslims, special butcher shops, eateries, caterers, and food supply companies may offer halal food options.
In Islam, the term halal has a much broader meaning. Halal activities are considered to be in accordance with Islam’s holy book, the Qur’ān, and with the examples set by the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. Such activities encompass people’s everyday interactions, marriage relations, childcare, inheritance, business dealings, burial practices, and conduct in warfare. Halal activities contrast with haram, or forbidden, activities. In such countries as Saudi Arabia and Iran with strict enforcement of Shari`ah (Islamic law), haram activities may be subject to legal prosecution and punishment.
