Haka is a ceremonial Māori dance marked by fierce stomps, rhythmic slapping of the body, and loud chanting. Māori are the first people of New Zealand . The haka is a group dance in which the dancers all make the same movements at the same time. It serves as both a challenge to opponents and an expression of unity among the performers. The words chanted in a haka often refer to ancestors or historic events. Modern hakas remain similar to the dances performed centuries ago. They may be performed to prepare for sporting events, to celebrate birthdays, to grieve, or to welcome distinguished guests.
The haka originated as a war dance. The dancers threatened their opponents by shouting, stomping, and displaying weapons. They also made faces, bulging their eyes and sticking out their tongues. In addition to intimidating the enemy, the dance helped to rally the warriors, giving them courage before battle. War hakas are called peruperu hakas. This type of haka is usually performed by men.
Taparahi hakas are war dances performed without weapons. Taparahi hakas often tell stories about historic events, describe great feats, or honor people of importance. They may also address social and political issues. Women occasionally provide musical accompaniment for these performances.
Some hakas are staged as a performing art. Performance hakas are called ngeri hakas. This type of haka serves as a sign of unity and strength within a community. Movements are generally looser and allow for more interpretation. Both men and women can perform the ngeri haka.
Perhaps the most famous haka is known as “Ka Mate, Ka Mate.” It is a taparahi haka written by the Māori warrior Te Rauparaha around 1820. He created “Ka Mate, Ka Mate” as an expression of joy after escaping pursuit by enemy warriors. The New Zealand All Blacks rugby team has performed this haka before most of its matches for more than a century.
