Coalition << `koh` uh LIHSH uhn >> is a combination of groups cooperating in the pursuit of a shared goal. Coalitions are called a variety of names, including alliances, associations, blocs, cartels, and interest groups.
Coalitions of political parties often form in countries with parliamentary forms of government because these systems have three or more parties. A single party may be unable to win a majority in a parliament, causing the party to form a coalition with one or more other parties. Together, the coalition would have a majority of seats and therefore be able to form a government.
In the United States, various conditions encourage interest groups to form coalitions to pressure legislators and executives. These conditions include the separation of powers among branches of the federal government and frequent disagreements among members of the same political party. In the U.S. Congress, for example, conservative Democrats and Republicans have formed a powerful coalition that often shapes legislation.
Coalitions play a major role in international politics. Nations frequently form alliances with other states to advance or protect a common interest. For instance, in 2003, the U.S. government formed what it called the “coalition of the willing” with a group of countries committed to the removal of Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq. Nations also form coalitions to support debt relief for poor countries, to raise funds to combat the spread of deadly diseases, and to fight for the rights of minority groups.
