Espalier, << ehs PAL yuhr, >> is a method of training a fruit tree or shrub to grow into a definite pattern on a trellis, on a lattice, or against a wall. The protection given by the wall makes it possible to grow fruit trees in climates that would otherwise be too harsh. The term espalier is used both for the trellis and for the tree itself when it is handled in this way.
Trees trained on espaliers take up less space, produce more flowers and fruit, and are more ornamental than ordinary trees. The branches usually grow vertically, and they must be pruned to maintain the desired shape. Trees used for espaliers are usually grown from dwarf roots because the standard-sized tree grows too fast for proper pruning. Espalier trees are common in Europe, especially France.
