Amphibious << am FIHB ee uhs >> ship is a warship that lands troops, weapons, and vehicles on beaches during amphibious assaults or special operations. Some amphibious ships unload troops and equipment directly onto a beach. Others transfer troops and cargo using helicopters and small amphibious landing craft.
Amphibious ships generally have only short-range guns and missiles for defense against aircraft. However, some amphibious ships also have rocket launchers for bombing shorelines. Amphibious ships measure up to 820 feet (245 meters) long and travel at speeds of about 20 knots (nautical miles per hour). Most are equipped to handle helicopter take-offs and landings. Both the United States and Russia have many amphibious ships.
Large amphibious assault ships carry up to 30 helicopters. They also have a garage for trucks and armored vehicles. Some assault ships have a docking well that can be flooded, enabling landing craft to float out and carry troops ashore. Amphibious cargo ships carry provisions, landing craft, and heavy equipment. Amphibious command ships serve as communications centers that coordinate air, surface, and shore operations.
Dock landing ships are combination ships and dry docks. They transport landing craft and dry-dock them for repairs. Tank landing ships unload troops, cargo, and vehicles directly onto a beach through large doors in the bow. Modern submarines also can conduct operations near shore. They can land special forces to fight or to collect intelligence (information).
