Bernard of Clairvaux, << bur NAHRD uhv klair VOH, >> Saint (1090-1153), was a Christian theologian and a leader of the Cistercian religious order. Bernard’s reputation for piety and his brilliant preaching helped him influence both popes and kings. Bernard was largely responsible for the rapid expansion of the Cistercian order during the 1100’s.
Bernard’s writings, especially his sermons, express his ideas on theology and how to lead a Christian life. He emphasized the importance of meditation and mystical experience. Bernard urged all Christians to lead a life of poverty and self-denial modeled on the life of Jesus Christ.
Bernard was born in Fontaines-les-Dijon, France. His father was a nobleman. At the age of 22, Bernard entered the strict, newly established Cistercian monastery of Citeaux. In 1115, he founded and became head of a Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux. His influence became so widespread that his support helped Innocent II and Eugene III become popes. In 1141, he participated in the church council that condemned the theologian Peter Abelard for supposedly teaching heresy.
The high point in Bernard’s career came in 1146 when Eugene placed him in charge of organizing support for the Second Crusade. Bernard’s influence in European affairs declined after the crusade failed. Bernard died on Aug. 20, 1153. He was declared a saint in 1174.
