Chorale, << kuh RAL, >> is the music for a hymn, in particular the hymns of German Protestant churches. Chorales developed during the early 1500’s as part of the Protestant movement. The earliest chorales were single-line melodies with texts in German. Congregations sang them in unison and without accompaniment. Over time, chorales became more elaborate. Composers added harmony and counterpoint as well as instrumental accompaniment to the simple melodies. Many composers also used chorales in larger works, such as cantatas, oratorios, passion music, and compositions for organ.
Martin Luther, the founder of Protestantism in Germany, considered chorales important because they gave congregations opportunities to participate in church services. Luther, an accomplished musician, wrote or adapted many chorales, including the famous “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.”
