Cockroach is an insect best known as a household pest. It is closely related to mantids and termites. Cockroaches have lived on the earth for about 250 million years. There are over 4,500 species found throughout the world. They live in a variety of places, from tropical rain forests to deserts. About 30 species live in human dwellings and are considered pests.
Cockroaches have flat, oval bodies and long legs covered with bristles that serve as a sense of touch. Many cockroaches fly, and all run fast. These insects have long antennae (feelers) that provide a sense of smell.
Cockroaches are scavengers. They eat all kinds of food and a variety of other substances, including paper, soap, plants, and dead animals. The pest species can live in almost any dwelling as long as the temperature is over 65 °F (18 °C) and water is available. They can be a serious problem in apartments, hospitals, and restaurants. Most cockroaches avoid light and are mainly active at night.
Most species of cockroaches are found outdoors however. In tropical rain forests, cockroaches may live on the forest floor or high in the trees. Some of these tropical cockroaches grow to 5 inches (13 centimeters) long, and many are brightly colored. Cockroaches frequently inhabit caves with bats.
Cockroaches found in United States homes include the German cockroach, American cockroach, Australian cockroach, brown-banded cockroach, and Oriental cockroach. The most common of these pest cockroaches is the German cockroach, also called the Croton bug. It got its name after it was found in large numbers in the Croton waterworks system of New York City in the mid-1800’s. The adults are pale tan and about 1/2 inch (1.3 centimeters) long. Every 25 days, the females lay egg cases containing about 32 young. The young become adults in about three months. This cockroach is highly adaptable and resistant to many pesticides.
Since the mid-1980’s, a species called the Asian cockroach has become established as a pest in Florida and neighboring states. This cockroach, which is native to Southeast Asia, is closely related to the German cockroach. Unlike most other species, the Asian cockroach is attracted to lights and bright surfaces. In addition, it is frequently found outdoors.
To keep cockroaches at a minimum in the home, keep the rooms clean and dry. Fix leaky faucets, do not overwater house plants, and do not leave out water or dried food for pets. Do the dishes before going to bed at night and store food in sealed containers. Throw away old paper bags and newspapers to avoid creating hiding places for cockroaches. Do not use any pesticide unless it has been approved for home use.
