Cooper, Peter (1791-1883), was an American inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist. He built a locomotive to demonstrate the use of steam power. He also helped develop the American iron industry. Cooper helped Cyrus Field lay the underseas Atlantic Cable, and founded the Cooper Union. The Cooper Union provided free instruction in art, science, and engineering.
Cooper began earning a fortune in the 1820’s, when he successfully manufactured glue and gelatin. He stayed in this business all his life. He also invested in real estate. In 1830, he completed his famous locomotive, Tom Thumb, which was especially designed for sharp curves and hills. With his son, Edward, and his son-in-law, Abram Hewitt, Cooper pioneered in the manufacture and sale of iron rails and structural iron beams. During the 1850’s and 1860’s, he helped promote telegraph and cable companies.
Throughout his life, Cooper took an active interest in civic affairs. He worked effectively for public education, improved water supplies, and better police and fire protection. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), he supported political and social reforms. He ran for president on the Greenback ticket when he was 85. Cooper published the book Ideas for a Science of Good Government (1883).
Cooper was born on Feb. 12, 1791, in New York City, but spent his youth in Peekskill, New York. He soon showed a talent for mechanics and invention. Although he had only a limited education, he received a practical training in hatmaking, brewing, and other trades. At 17, he was apprenticed to a coachbuilder, and he later worked as a machine builder. He died on April 4, 1883.
