Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition in which babies are born with underdeveloped brains and poorly formed skeletons. The condition is caused by the failure of the thyroid gland to begin functioning during the development of a fetus (unborn child). The thyroid gland produces hormones necessary for growth and maturation of the body and brain. It normally begins functioning during the 12th week of fetal development. The absence of thyroid hormones disrupts normal growth patterns.
Doctors treat congenital hypothyroidism with supplemental thyroid hormones. Treatment must begin in the first six weeks after birth to prevent both physical and intellectual disability.
See also Thyroid gland.
