Iqbal, << ihk BAHL, >> Sir Muhammad (1873-1938), a Muslim Indian scholar, philosopher, and poet, is regarded as the spiritual founder of Pakistan. He urged political and spiritual unity of all the Muslim peoples. He tried to reformulate the basic ideas of Islamic theology in the spirit of European philosophy. His poetry includes Secrets of the Self (1920) and Jawid Nama, The Book of Eternity (1932). His Mysteries of Selflessness was published in 1953 after his death. Iqbal was born on Nov. 9, 1873, in what is now Sialkot, Pakistan. He died on April 21, 1938.
