Kung fu is the general term for hundreds of martial arts that originated in China. The phrase means skill or hard work. It is associated primarily with the acrobatic styles popularized through films and illustrated novels.
Chinese martial arts are among the oldest in the world, and many traditional styles were used to train people for actual fighting. Typical weapons used in training include wooden staffs, spears, swords, and knives. However, some traditional Chinese martial arts were created for sport, health and exercise, and dance. In addition, during the 1900’s, new styles emerged that combined traditional martial arts with athletics.
Historically, most Chinese martial arts were associated with specific religious, ethnic, or economic groups, but this association has become less common since the 1950’s. Popular modern systems include Shaolin and ta’i chi ch’uan. Shaolin styles are named after the Shaolin Buddhist monastery in Henan, China. Shaolin styles emphasize strength, speed, and acrobatic movement. Tai’ chi ch’uan is noted for circular motions, intricate foot patterns, and methods said to develop inner harmony.
See also Henan Province ; Martial arts ; T’ai chi ch’uan .
