London, Treaties of. Throughout history, many international treaties have been signed in London. Some of them are described in this article.
The Treaty of 1839
made the Netherlands recognize Belgium’s independence and declared Belgium’s neutrality. The United Kingdom, Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia signed the treaty as sponsors. Germany’s invasion of neutral Belgium in 1914 caused the United Kingdom to enter World War I (1914-1918).
The Treaty of 1913
attempted to end the First Balkan War (1912-1913). Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and their enemy, the Ottoman Empire, signed the treaty on May 30, 1913. The defeated Ottomans were allowed to keep a small European foothold in eastern Thrace. Greece received Thessaloniki, southern Macedonia, and Crete. Serbia gained central and northern Macedonia, and Bulgaria took western Thrace and the northern coast of the Aegean Sea. The treaty caused new conflicts. On June 29, 1913, Bulgaria attacked Greece and Serbia, and the Second Balkan War began. See Balkans .
The Treaty of 1915
was a secret treaty signed by the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and Italy. In return for entering World War I against Germany, Italy was promised the southern Tyrol, northern Dalmatia, Istria, and Gorizia. See World War I (The Italian Front) .
The Treaty of 1930
became known as the London Naval Treaty. On April 22, 1930, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Japan signed the pact to limit and reduce naval armaments. The treaty tried to place limits on cruisers, destroyers, and submarines. It allowed the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan to increase warship production if another power increased its naval production. France and Italy did not sign part of the treaty.
The Treaty of 1936
recertified the naval treaty of 1930. The United States, France, and the United Kingdom signed it on March 25, 1936.
