Mangrove, << MANG grohv, >> is a tree that grows along tropical coasts in salty ocean water. The best-known species is the red mangrove. As this type of mangrove develops, it sends down roots from its branches. Eventually, a network of many stiltlike roots supports its leafy crown above the water.
Mangroves form the chief plant growth along long stretches of tropical coasts. They usually grow in places by quiet ocean water. Large mangrove thickets, or forests on stilts, often grow in shallow waters along bays, lagoons, and river mouths. The thousands of stiltlike roots catch silt, which piles up in the water. At the mouths of streams, the roots slow down the current and help settle the silt. Thus, mangroves may aid in building up dry land. The roots also form a breeding place for many fish and other marine life.
Mangrove seeds often germinate while the fruit is on the tree. A seed sends down a root up to 1 foot (30 centimeters) long. When the fruit falls, the heavy root holds it upright as it floats on the water. The root tip eventually strikes mud and a new tree begins to grow.
The red mangrove is found along coasts from Florida to northern South America and in West Africa. The tree most commonly grows only to the height of a shrub or small tree. Related species can grow up to 82 feet (25 meters) tall. People use the wood of the red mangrove for wharf piles and fuel. The bark is rich in tannic acid, which is used for tanning hides and making dyes.
