Morale is the general attitude or outlook of an individual or a group toward a specific situation. It influences, and is influenced by, such factors as optimism, confidence, and determination. Morale may seriously affect both well-being and performance, and is closely related to what is called esprit de corps. When morale is “high,” the sense of confidence of an individual or a group are generally good, resulting in a high level of performance. When morale is “low,” performance is usually correspondingly poor.
Business executives, military officers, college deans, athletics coaches, and other leaders have learned to analyze the morale in their groups. They recognize that the level of morale is a decisive factor in determining group or individual achievement.
See also Alienation; Group dynamics.
