Nail is a tough plate that covers the upper surface at the end of each finger and toe. It is a special growth of the epidermis (outer portion of the skin) and is made up of hardened cells. The skin below the nail, from which it grows, is called the matrix. Near the root of the nail, where growth begins, the blood flow in the cells is less visible. The white, crescent-shaped spot indicating this area is the lunula.
If a nail is torn off, it will regrow if the matrix has not been severely injured. White spots on the nail are due to bruises or other injuries. They will grow out as the nail grows. The state of a person’s health is often indicated by the nails. Illness often affects their growth.
The horns, claws, talons, and hoofs of birds and animals are made of the same materials as the nails on the fingers and toes of the human body. Deer antlers are a different kind of growth.
