Peat moss is a kind of moss from which peat is formed. Peat consists of partially decayed mosses and other plant matter that accumulate over long periods of time in marshy areas called bogs (see Peat). Peat mosses make up a genus (scientific group) called Sphagnum and are often referred to as Sphagnum mosses. Hundreds of species of peat mosses are found in bogs throughout Canada, Siberia, and northern Europe.
Peat mosses grow up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) high. They typically grow close together and form dense mats that vary in color from dark-brown and red to yellow-green. Peat mosses are soft and spongy and have no true roots. They absorb and hold water in large dead cells in the stems and leaves. These cells can store large quantities of water for long periods of time. Peat mosses also can make surrounding soil more acidic and thus delay the growth of fungi.
Peat moss is often used in greenhouses and gardens. The moss is often spread on the surface of the ground to protect plants in hot, dry weather. Orchids and other rare plants are potted in peat moss to keep them from drying out. Peat moss also is used to cultivate mushrooms and as packing material.
