Peritonitis, << `pehr` uh tuh NY tihs, >> is an inflammation of the thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, called the peritoneum. The peritoneum may become inflamed if it is attacked by bacteria or irritated by a foreign substance. Peritonitis is a potentially deadly illness that may be either chronic (lasting) or acute (short).
Chronic peritonitis lasts for a long time. It can cause inflamed tissues to grow together. As a result, the intestines may not work properly. People suffering from tuberculosis sometimes develop chronic peritonitis.
Acute peritonitis occurs suddenly. The inflammation may affect a small part of the peritoneum, or it may involve a large area. The illness starts with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain. The abdomen becomes rigid and swells. Acute peritonitis is caused by bacteria that escape from such body organs as the alimentary canal, fallopian tubes, or pancreas. Bacteria can escape from an organ such as the appendix if the organ is so badly infected that it tears open. This may follow such conditions as gangrene of the intestine, a damaged bowel, or an infected pancreas. Acute peritonitis also occurs in some patients with a liver disease called cirrhosis.
Peritonitis requires prompt medical care. Antibiotics and other drugs are used to treat any infection and control pain. If an organ breaks open, an operation is usually performed as soon as possible to close the opening and drain the infection.
