Posture is the position of a person’s body while standing or sitting. Posture is determined by the person’s ability to maintain balance against the force of gravity, which constantly pulls the body downward. The action of certain muscles keeps the body upright. These muscles include those that keep the back, hips, and knees from bending. Because of the constant give and take of the pull of gravity and of muscle action, posture is a dynamic, ever-changing state.
Good posture requires the least amount of muscle activity to breathe well and to maintain an upright position. The feet should be placed comfortably apart, with the weight distributed evenly over both feet. From a front or back view, the shoulders, the hips, and the fingertips should be approximately aligned. From a side view, the ear and the shoulder should be aligned, and that line projected downward should fall in front of the middle of the knee. The back should not be excessively arched. The arches of the feet should be visible without conscious effort.
Posture is an indication of the way people have stood or sat for much of their lifetime. If a person constantly stands or sits with the head hanging forward, the neck muscles change in length, and good posture becomes hard. All body parts work together, so getting one part, such as the head, out of alignment will cause other parts also to be out of alignment. The further away one’s body parts are from the body’s center of gravity, the more the muscles will have to work to keep the body upright. When this happens, fatigue and stress result.
Posture also may indicate the way people feel. If they are tired or depressed, their posture may be poorer than usual. Changes in posture may affect a person’s appearance, gait, and personality. Good posture gives an impression of poise and self-confidence, and may allow the body to function at its best. Learning about body function and body relaxation can help improve posture.
