Psoriasis, << suh RY uh sihs, >> is a skin disease marked by red patches of dry, scaly skin. Mild cases of psoriasis affect only small areas of the skin, while more severe attacks may cover the entire body. In skin afflicted with psoriasis, cells multiply at an abnormally high speed. These cells do not exfoliate (peel away) properly. Also, blood vessels beneath the skin enlarge and release chemicals that cause swelling. Psoriasis is not contagious.
Scientists have identified certain genes associated with the development of psoriasis. They believe that defective genes may cause a person’s immune system to attack healthy skin tissue. Many psoriasis patients have other disorders that may be caused by immune system attacks on healthy tissue, including lupus, Crohn’s disease, and a form of arthritis.
Environmental factors also play a role in the development of psoriasis. Infection, medicine, or an injury to the skin may cause an attack. Emotional factors, such as tension, may also influence outbreaks.
Although psoriasis cannot be cured, dermatologists (skin doctors) can treat its symptoms. For mild cases, dermatologists often apply medicine directly to the skin. Cortisones, coal tar, and a drug called anthralin reduce swelling, slow cell growth, and relieve itching. Doctors can also apply chemicals, such as salicylic acid and urea, to force the excess skin to peel away. Vitamin D solutions can slow the rate at which skin cells multiply. In more severe cases, physicians shine ultraviolet light on the skin to slow the growth of skin cells. As a last resort, doctors may prescribe oral medicine for psoriasis. With proper treatment, psoriasis can be cleared up for long periods.
