Running is a vigorous form of exercise and a popular sport. Millions of people run because they enjoy the activity or want to be physically fit. Some runners compete in long-distance races that do not form part of organized track meets. Most of these races are run on city streets and roads. This article includes information on such long-distance races. For information about other kinds of running events, see Track and field.
Some people use the terms running and jogging interchangeably. However, running is usually considered faster than jogging. In addition, people jog only to exercise, not to compete against others.
Running requires no special skills or facilities. The only equipment needed is well-cushioned, flexible shoes and comfortable clothing. People considering a running program should have a complete medical examination before starting.
A daily running program improves a person’s physical condition. Running is an aerobic exercise—that is, it promotes the circulation of oxygen through the bloodstream to the organs and tissues. It also builds up the heart and increases endurance. Running strengthens the leg muscles and makes the body more limber. It helps control weight because runners burn up more than 100 calories per mile (62 calories per kilometer). Running also helps relieve emotional stress.
Running competitions have been held since ancient times. The Olympic Games feature several running events, including the marathon. Officially, a marathon is a race that covers 26 miles 385 yards (42.2 kilometers).
Many cities in the United States hold annual marathons. Over 45,000 runners compete in the New York City Marathon, more than in any other marathon in the world. However, races covering 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) are more popular than official marathons.
Running became extremely popular throughout the United States during the 1960’s and 1970’s. In the book Aerobics (1968), Kenneth Cooper, an American physician, brought attention to the advantages of running. A large number of newspaper and magazine articles described the benefits of running, and many more books about running were published.
