Toluene, << TOL yu een, >> is a colorless liquid related to benzene. Toluene is also called methylbenzene << `mehth` uhl BEHN zeen >> . It belongs to a group of compounds called aromatic hydrocarbons. A molecule of toluene has its six carbon atoms arranged in a ring with five hydrogen atoms and a methyl group attached.
Manufacturers make toluene by treating petroleum or distilling coal tar. Chemists use toluene as a raw material to produce other chemicals. For example, they sometimes make benzoic acid from it. Benzoic acid is used as a preservative for foods, beverages, and cosmetics. An antiseptic known as chloramine-T is also made from toluene. Makers of explosives use toluene to make trinitrotoluene, commonly called TNT. Paint manufacturers use toluene as a lacquer solvent. Toluene is also used in the manufacture of many dyes and perfumes. Federal regulations require manufacturers to limit the amount of toluene in the air breathed by workers. Excessive exposure to toluene can damage the skin, the eyes, and the central nervous system.
