Geological Survey, United States, is a federal agency that conducts studies of public lands and offshore areas. It is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Commonly called the USGS, the agency conducts research in geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrology, mapmaking, and related sciences. It also studies natural hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanoes, and identifies flood hazard areas. The USGS monitors the quantity, quality, and use of water resources, gathers information on energy and mineral resources, and publishes technical reports and maps. The agency has headquarters in Reston, Virginia, and offices and facilities throughout the country. The USGS was established in 1879.
The Geological Survey of Canada has duties similar to those of the U.S. agency. It was established in 1842.
