Computer modeling is the creation of sets of mathematical equations that represent objects or ideas. Computer modeling has become an important tool for business, science, and education. Like physical models, computer models show what something might look like when the real thing would be too difficult or too expensive to create.
For example, architects use computer modeling to see what a new house design might look like. The architect can see how all the parts of the house fit together on the computer model before building the actual house. The architect can change the design on the computer and immediately see what the changes would look like. The computer model of the house is more flexible and less expensive to build than a physical model.
Testing a computer model against electronic representations of physical situations is called computer simulation. Testing the computer model of the house to see what would happen to it in an earthquake is an example of a computer simulation. See Computer simulation for a full description.
Not every computer model represents a physical object. For example, businesses rely on financial computer models to help them make decisions. Using a program called a spreadsheet, a business can create mathematical expressions representing variables involved in their business. By changing variables—raising and lowering expenses, for example—a business can try out different strategies. The computer model lets the business see the likely consequences of these strategies without actual financial risk.
Computer models can provide accurate representations of real-world objects and situations, but they are not perfect. Like a physical model, the realism of a computer model reflects the level of understanding of its designer. The sophistication of the computer equipment also limits the realism of a computer model.
