Northumbria was the most northerly of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of early England, formed by the union of the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. Northumbria included all England north of the River Humber, southwestern Scotland, and eastern Scotland as far north as the Firth of Forth.
During the A.D. 600’s, Northumbria was the strongest English kingdom and was a leading western European center of learning. Its kings included Edwin, Oswald, and Oswiu. It was converted to Christianity by missionaries from Rome and by Celtic missionaries.
