Apple Inc. is a major international firm that manufactures innovative computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices. The company also develops and publishes computer software and distributes music, books, videos, and other media over the internet. Apple runs a chain of retail stores around the world.
Apple was founded in 1976 as Apple Computer, Inc., by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, two computer enthusiasts in their 20’s. That year, the company introduced the Apple I microcomputer. The machine became popular with hobbyists, but it had little commercial use. Wozniak redesigned the computer, which the company introduced in 1977 as a home and small-business machine called the Apple II. The new computer was an immediate success.
In 1983, Apple introduced the Lisa, the first commercial computer to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI), a system that enables users to interact with a computer using icons and other visual elements displayed on a screen. People could now issue commands by pointing to on-screen symbols and clicking a mouse rather than by typing instructions. In 1984, Apple followed up with the popular Macintosh desktop computer. In 1986, Apple introduced the Mac Plus computer and LaserWriter printer, two devices that became popular tools in desktop publishing. Apple brought the Power Macintosh, a high-powered personal computer, to market in 1994. The iMac, a computer designed to be especially easy to set up and use, was introduced in 1998.
In 2001, Apple introduced the iPod, a peripheral device for storing and playing digital music. A version of the iPod capable of storing and playing digital video was released in 2005. The iPod line proved profitable for Apple, which introduced a variety of accessories for the device. Apple launched the iTunes Music Store, which allowed users to buy and download digital music online, in 2003. The iTunes store offered not only songs but also podcasts, audiobooks, television shows, and movies for purchase. The success of the line led the company to change its name in 2007, from Apple Computer, Inc., to Apple Inc. The new name reflected the widening of the company’s focus from computers to other kinds of consumer electronics. In 2019, Apple replaced iTunes with three different apps (applications): Apple Music, Apple Podcasts, and Apple TV.
Apple released the iPhone in 2007. It featured a touch-sensitive screen and combined a wireless phone, a music and video player, and mobile internet and email capabilities. In 2010, Apple unveiled the iPad, a lightweight, touch-sensitive tablet computer. The iPad also works as an e-book reader, a music and video player, and a game console. In 2015, Apple released the Apple Watch, a smartwatch that links to a user’s iPhone to enable communication from the wrist. The watch can also track the wearer’s fitness and activity.
Apple designs and produces the computer chips used in its mobile devices. In 2020, the company also began using its own computer chips in its desktop and laptop computers. Apple’s headquarters are in Cupertino, California.
