Vivekananda (1863-1902) was an Indian philosopher and social reformer. He was born on Jan. 12, 1863, in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and educated at a Christian college. His early education familiarized him with the Western philosophy that he later used to interpret Hinduism. Vivekananda’s original name was Narendranath Datta. He received his new name and the title swami (master) after accepting the teachings of the Indian religious leader Ramakrishna.
Vivekananda believed in the oneness of all creation in God. He devoted his life to working for social reform. He opposed what he regarded as abuses, such as caste (class) discrimination, child marriage, and the lowly status of women in society. He encouraged care for the sick and the poor, and supported education for all. In 1893, Vivekananda represented Hinduism at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago. His impressive presentation won him an international reputation. He died on July 4, 1902.
