Acid reflux is a common medical condition in which acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus. It is also called gastroesophageal reflux. Symptoms include heartburn, chest pain, gas, and vomiting. Prolonged acid reflux can cause inflammation of the esophagus. In a few cases, such inflammation can in turn lead to ulcerations, scarring, and even cancer of the esophagus. When acid reflux damages the esophagus, the condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Acid reflux is caused by weakness in the lower esophageal sphincter—the ring of muscles separating the stomach and the esophagus. This weakness allows stomach acid to leak back into the esophagus. Excessive body weight and dietary factors that increase the amount of stomach acid can also cause acid reflux. Dietary factors include alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, nicotine, and some antibiotics and other drugs.
Acid reflux is usually a temporary condition with symptoms that are easily treated. Making some lifestyle changes, such as maintaining normal body weight, eating a low-fat diet, and avoiding certain foods and drugs, can improve the condition. Antacids and medications that stop acid production in the stomach may also be useful. However, individuals should consult a physician if the symptoms of acid reflux persist.
See also Esophagus ; Heartburn ; Indigestion .
