Chartres Cathedral << SHAHR truh or shahrt >> is one of the most magnificent examples of Gothic architecture. The cathedral stands in the city of Chartres, France. It is also known as the Cathedral of Notre Dame because it is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Most of the present cathedral was built from 1194 to 1260.
Chartres Cathedral was designed like a typical Gothic cathedral. From a distance, the most striking features are two giant towers topped by steeples. The south tower was built from about 1140 to 1160. The spire of the north tower was begun in 1507. The main entrance to the cathedral is called the west facade. The west facade has three doorways, called the Royal Portal. They are decorated with many sculptures portraying figures from the Bible. Above the Royal Portal is a rose window (ornamental circular window). It contains beautiful examples of medieval stained glass.
The interior of the cathedral is dominated by stone vaults (arched ceilings) 118 feet (36 meters) above the floor. Stained glass windows are set into the lower walls and into upper walls called clerestories. See Clerestory.
See also Gothic art; Stained glass (Technical improvements).
