Johnson, Robert (1911-1938), was one of the most important musicians in the history of the blues in the United States. Johnson’s passionate singing and unique way of playing the guitar helped shape what became known as the Chicago style of blues. He influenced the music of such blues stars as Muddy Waters , Elmore James, and Howlin’ Wolf . Johnson was also an important influence on a number of rock music performers. They include Jimi Hendrix , Eric Clapton , and the Rolling Stones .
Robert Leroy Johnson was born on May 8, 1911, in Hazlehurst, Mississippi. He began playing the guitar in the late 1920’s. He developed his technique by listening to such blues artists as Charley Patton, Eddie “Son” House, and Willie Brown. Johnson traveled widely in the early 1930’s. He played in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee and as far north as New York and Canada. By the mid-1930’s, Johnson had established himself as a leading blues musician in the region of northwestern Mississippi known as the Mississippi Delta.
Johnson’s music survives in 29 songs he recorded in two sessions. One session took place in November 1936, and the other, in June 1937. Johnson’s best-known songs include “Terraplane Blues,” “Sweet Home Chicago,” “Hell Hound on My Trail,” “Me and the Devil Blues,” “I Believe I’ll Dust My Broom,” “Kind Hearted Woman Blues,” “Come On in My Kitchen,” and “Cross Road Blues.”
Johnson’s short life has achieved legendary status. According to one story, he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his musical ability. Johnson died on Aug. 16, 1938, after being poisoned, possibly by a jealous husband. Johnson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 as a performer who had an early influence on rock music.
