Psychopathy << sy KAHP uh thee >> is an ongoing pattern of behavior characterized by a persistent disregard for—and violation of—the rights of others. Similar patterns of behavior are sometimes described using such terms as sociopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder. Psychopathic people show emotional detachment (lack of interest) and a lack of empathy (understanding for others). They may lie, manipulate, and deceive others, without guilt or remorse, to get what they want. Some of them may use charm and deception. Others use intimidation, threats, and even violence. Psychopathic personalities are more common in convicted criminals than in the general population.
Scientists estimate that about 1 percent of all people show psychopathic personality. Psychopathic behavior typically begins in late childhood to early adolescence and continues into adulthood. It occurs more often in men than in women.
Researchers believe that both biological and environmental factors influence the development of psychopathy. Some studies suggest that areas of the brain involved in regulating emotions may not function properly in psychopaths. Environmental theories suggest that psychopathy can result from harsh discipline, inconsistent use of discipline, or lack of discipline during childhood. Researchers have observed that certain childhood behaviors may be associated with psychopathy in adulthood. These behaviors include bed-wetting that continues to a later age than usual, cruelty toward animals, the setting of fires, theft, truancy, and emotional or physical aggression toward other children.
Psychopathic characteristics often prevent a person from developing or maintaining close personal relationships with others. Individuals with psychopathic personalities rarely seek treatment or other help to change their behavior. People who are close to them may insist on treatment due to the damage caused by their behavior. However, there are few effective treatment options for psychopathy. In some cases, psychopathic behavior decreases with age. In most cases, however, psychopathy is a lifelong pattern of behavior.
