Probiotics are microorganisms that are thought to contribute to health. Most probiotics are bacteria that normally live in the human digestive system. They are often called friendly bacteria or good bacteria. Probiotics are added to many foods. Probiotics are also used in alternative medicine, and complementary medicine, which combines alternative and conventional medicine (see Alternative medicine ).
The best-known probiotic is a bacterium called Lactobacillus acidophilus, which is one type of lactic-acid bacteria. Manufacturers add it to milk to make yogurt and other cultured milk products. Many other foods are made by fermenting ingredients with probiotic bacteria. These include fermented soy products, such as miso or tempeh, fermented vegetables, and certain teas and juices. Probiotics are also available as dietary supplements in the form of powder, capsules, or tablets.
People may take probiotics to prevent or treat certain illnesses and to improve overall health. People should consult a physician before using any probiotic to treat illness or improve health. Common uses include relieving lactose intolerance (the inability to digest dairy products) and diarrhea, reducing inflammation, improving immune system function, and preventing infections. Side effects may range from mild gas or bloating to more serious infections, depending on the overall health of the individual.
Medical experts say that much more information is needed on the effects of probiotics. They urge caution particularly in the case of children, the elderly, and people with a weakened immune system.
See also Microbiome .
